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The Retina is the third and inner coat of the eye which is a light-sensitive layer of tissue. The optics of the eye creates an image of the visual world on the Retina (through the Cornea and Lens) which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the Retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses. These are sent to various visual centers of the brain through the fibers of the optic nerve.

Common Retinal Disorders treated at our Hospital: 

A. Diabetic Retinopathy 

B. Retinal Vein Occlusion 

C. Age related Macular Degeneration 

D. Retinal Detachment 

E. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy 

F. Retinopathy of Prematurity  

• Diabetic Retinopathy 

Diabetes Mellitus is a condition which impairs the body’s ability to use and store sugar. Diabetics are also 25 times more likely to develop blindness. Diabetics are also at high risk for eye complications, the most common one being Diabetic Retinopathy. The effect of Diabetes on the eye is called Diabetic Retinopathy which has an effect on the Retina and is a main threat to vision.

There are two types of Diabetic Retinopathy:  

1. Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR): It is also known as background retinopathy, is an early stage of Diabetic Retinopathy and occurs when the tiny blood vessels of the Retina are damaged and begin to bleed or leak fluid into the Retina resulting in swelling (Diabetic Macular Edema) and the formation of deposits known as Exudates.  
2. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR): It carries the greatest risk of loss of vision and typically develops in eyes with advanced NPDR. PDR occurs when blood vessels on the Retina or Optic Nerve become blocked consequently starving the Retina of necessary nutrients. New, fragile, vessels develop and bleed easily causing black spots or floaters along with decreased vision.

• What are the symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy? 

Generally, people with mild NPDR do not have any visual loss. A dilated eye exam is the only way to detect changes inside the eye before loss of vision begins. People with Diabetes should have an eye examination at least once a year. More frequent exams may be necessary after Diabetic Retinopathy is diagnosed.  

People with PDR experience a broader range of symptoms. They may experience: 

1. Dark floaters 
2. Loss of central or peripheral vision 
3. Visual distortions or blurriness 
4. Temporary or permanent vision loss  

• How is Diabetic Retinopathy diagnosed? 

1. Indirect Ophthalmoscopy for Retinal Evaluation 
2. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) 
3. Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) IV. B Scan